Résumé de The Net Delusion

In The Net Delusion, Evgeny Morozov challenges the prevailing Western assumption that the internet inherently promotes democracy and freedom. Published in 2011, the book argues against what Morozov terms “cyber-utopianism,” the belief that online connectivity automatically weakens authoritarian regimes. He introduces the concept of “slacktivism” to describe low-effort online gestures, such as liking a Facebook page or signing an e-petition, that substitute for meaningful political action. Morozov also develops the idea of “digital authoritarianism,” showing how governments in countries like China, Russia, and Iran have co-opted the same tools—blogs, social media, and text messaging—to surveil dissidents, spread propaganda, and mobilize pro-regime crowds. The book is structured around case studies rather than abstract theory. Morozov examines Iran’s Green Movement after the 2009 election, arguing that Western enthusiasm for Twitter as a revolutionary tool overlooked the regime’s own sophisticated online repression. He discusses China’s “Fifty Cent Party” of paid commentators who flood forums with pro-government messages, and Russia’s use of the youth group Nashi to counter opposition online. He also critiques projects like the U.S. State Department’s “internet freedom” initiatives, suggesting they often backfire by giving authoritarian states a pretext for censorship. Morozov warns that the West’s faith in technology as a shortcut to democracy can justify ignoring slower, less glamorous work like building institutions and supporting civil society. He calls for “cyber-realism,” a more skeptical approach that recognizes the internet as an ambivalent tool whose political effects depend on context, power, and deliberate strategy. The book does not deny the internet’s potential for good, but insists that digital optimism often obscures the ways authoritarian leaders adapt and thrive online.