ملخص Homo Deus

In Homo Deus, Yuval Noah Harari follows his earlier Sapiens with a speculative history of humanity's next chapter, framed around a central question: what will replace hunger, plague, and war as the defining problems of the twenty-first century? Harari argues that as famine, disease, and violence decline, the dominant projects of the modern world become immortality, happiness, and divinity—the pursuit of godlike powers through biotechnology, artificial intelligence, and data. He traces this shift from the "humanist" era, in which liberal individualism, democracy, and free markets treated human feelings as the ultimate source of meaning, toward what he calls "Dataism," a worldview in which information flow and algorithms become the supreme value. Along the way, he revisits the Scientific Revolution, the rise of capitalism, and the "religions" of progress, then turns to emerging technologies such as brain-computer interfaces, genetic engineering, and ubiquitous surveillance. He warns that liberalism may face its greatest challenge yet as decision-making is outsourced to algorithms and as societies split between a small enhanced elite and a largely redundant mass. The book draws on history, philosophy, and current technology reporting rather than original experiments, and it functions less as prediction than as a provocation about the values and choices that will shape the coming decades.